| by Shreya Shah
( October 16,
2012, New Delhi, Sri Lanka Guardian) In India, a child goes missing every eight
minutes, according to data from the National Crime Records Bureau.
Almost 40% of
those children haven’t been found.
That calculation
was based on the Aug. 8 response by Jitendra Singh, minister of state for home
affairs, to a question posed in the Rajya Sabha, Parliament’s upper house. He
said almost 60,000 children in 2011 were reported missing from a total of 28
states and union territories according to the NCRB. Of these more than 22,000
are yet to be located.
West Bengal had
the highest number of missing children with more than 12,000 missing in 2011.
Madhya Pradesh was next with 7,797 cases while Delhi had 5,111 cases. These are
the cases reported. The following states didn’t report any, which experts say
is not credible: Maharashtra, Odisha, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand,
Punjab.
Some children
are abandoned by families who can’t take care of them because of a lack of
money. Some run away to escape abuse or unhappy homes. Some are lost, mostly
when families travel, according to research by Childline, a 24-hour national
helpline for children in distress.
Rakesh Senger,
who helps rescue and rehabilitate missing children through the NGO Bachpan
Bachao Andolan, estimates only 50% of missing children are reported to the
NCRB.
One of the main
reasons for the high number of missing children is that the law on missing
children in India is inadequate, say experts.
There is no
legal definition of a missing child, and each state follows its own rules, says
Mr. Senger.
Kidnapping is by
far the highest reported crime against children. There were a total of 33,098
crimes reported against kids in 2011, up 24% from 2010, according to a report
issued in September by the social statistics division of the Indian government.
In 2011, 15,284
cases of kidnapping were reported; a 43% increase from 2010. These numbers include kidnapping children for
exporting to other countries, abducting kids for ransom or forcing them to beg.
Separately,
according to the report, 3,517 incidents of child trafficking were recorded in
2011. This includes buying and selling of girls for prostitution, child
marriage and trafficking children for the illegal transplantation of organs.
The report also states
that India has the largest number of child laborers under the age of 14 in the
world. Even though Indian law prohibits
children below the age of 14 from working, 12.66 million children work as child
laborers, according to the data.
Of those, 21% of
these children are employed in cigarette and bidi factories, 17% in
construction and 15% as domestic workers. Others work as rag pickers,
agricultural workers and in industries like fireworks and carpet weaving.
“Nearly 85% of
child laborers in India are hard-to-reach, invisible and excluded, as they work
largely in the unorganized sector,” the government report states. Also, many
missing children are never brought to the notice of the police, especially
those in the commercial sex trade, say experts.
Part of the
reason India has so many missing children, experts say, is how their cases are
treated by law-enforcement authorities.
The police in
India, barring a few states, do not register first information reports – the
first step to an investigation — for missing children. So no formal case is
even filed. They only make an entry into the list of missing persons at the
police station where the child is reported missing so in-depth investigations
are rare.
In Mumbai, for
instance, a photo of the missing child is sent to police stations all over the
city and police keep a lookout. But, there is no investigation of a crime
unless the person who reports the child missing asks the police to file a case
of kidnapping.
In Delhi, the
law is slightly more robust: After 24 hours, if a child is not found, a case of
kidnapping has to be filed by the police. This change came after a series of
murders in Noida, a Delhi suburb, including those of eight children.
The police in some
regions have also begun a database for missing children, like zipnet.in.
But experts say
it isn’t enough.
There is a “lack
of inter-state cooperation” and a need for an “integrated country-wide
database” for missing children, says Mr. Senger.
If a child is
reported lost in one state but has been trafficked to another state, there is
no mechanism to ensure that the child will be searched for countrywide, he
explains.
(Wall Street
Journal)
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