| by Shanie
"There was
once a beautiful apple tree,
who refused to
shelter even the tiniest bee.
It was a vain
and selfish tree,
It would
say,"No one is mightier than me!"
One day, as it
woke up from its slumber,
It was surprised
to see a strange climber.
It saw an army
of termites, all ready for a fight.
The tree
trembled with fear,
and asked them
the reason why they were there.
"You do not
shelter the birds’ nests,
you sway in the
wind and make them fall instead.
You are a
selfish creature and as good as dead", said they.
The tree now
fearfully called the birds,
"Help me, I
apologise,
I promise I
shall shelter you and do my best,
But please save
me from these horrible pests."
The birds came,
one and all,
for they could
not ignore the plea of the tree forlorn,
From that day
onwards it would to every passerby call,
for it had
learnt a valuable lesson
That pride goes
before a fall!" - Poornima Kamath
( September 29,
2012, Colombo, Sri Lanka Guardian) For centuries, Sri Lanka has placed
great value on education. Buddhist Pirivena educators, theosophists, Hindu
reformers, Christian missionaries and Muslim modernists have over the years
helped to build institutions of great learning. Compulsory education was
introduced in 1911 but it became effective only after the wide education
reforms in the mid 1940s. The state provided free education from primary to
tertiary levels and also established quality secondary schools in all the
districts of the country – from Tellijawela in the south to Nelliady in the
north, from Ibbagamuwa in the west to Vantharamoolai in the east, and in
Nugawela and Welimada in the hill country. These schools had some of the best
teachers in the country. By 1950, there were fifty such schools. There was
consequently a quantum leap in the country’s literacy rate from 58% in 1946 to
92% fifty years later. In 1990, over 95% of children of primary school age were
enrolled in a school. In 1942, we had just one full-fledged national
university. Today, we have universities in almost all districts plus an Open
University that has study centres spread throughout the country. University
enrolment increased from 2500 in 1950 to over 50000 about fifty years later.
The Kannangara reforms provided equitable access to quality education up to the
University level. It was the Pearl of Great Price.
It is this Pearl
that all right thinking people need to safeguard from unthinking and arrogant
politicians and their sycophantic bureaucrats. Access to free education from
the kindergarten to the university must be available to all. That is not all.
It must be access to quality education. Quality education can only be provided
by top quality teachers at all levels. Such quality teachers need to be
retained and that would be possible only by the state providing adequate
resources for it. The trade union action by the Federation of University
Teachers’ Associations is all about providing such resources to the
Universities, safeguarding equitable access to education and maintaining the
University traditions of autonomy and academic freedom.
The need for a
revision in pay
The trade union
action began with the academics requesting a pay rise in keeping with their
academic and professional qualifications and positions. When this demand was
made last year, the government accepted this as reasonable and promised to
deliver. But like many a promise made to others and broken, the promise of a
pay rise was contemptuously ignored. But the academics would not take this
lying down and continued their agitation. They still had not launched on strike
action. The government’s response was typical. There was a volley of abuse
hurled at the FUTA and its leadership. Perhaps, it would not be fair to say
that the government as a whole was responsible. There were many within the
government and indeed within the cabinet who were embarrassed by the shameless
breaking of a solemn promise. Even among the academics, there are many who have
politically supported the President and UPFA who were angry that the government
had let them down.
There were
Ministers who were willing to negotiate with the academics for a reasonable
resolution to the pay rise demand. They did talk to FUTA and agreed to convey
this reasonable demand to the government. But it appears that their efforts
were scuttled by the Ministers in charge of education who perhaps found, in their
arrogance, that their pride had been hurt. There were also the political
sycophants in the UGC and even among the academic community who supported the
Minister. These were the self-styled patriotic university teachers. Patriotism
is the last refuge of the scoundrel and recent history has shown us that
playing the patriotic card is resorted to by those bereft of ideas and a belief
in justice. To this was added another well known gimmick – the conspiracy
theory. It is laughable to even think that there can be a conspiracy to
overthrow the government by university teachers.
The conspiracy
theory was effectively demolished by Professor Jayadeva Uyangoda in a recent
article in The Island. He stated: "(The FUTA trade union action merely)
seeks policy changes with regard to education. It challenges the government’s
positions on education, allocation of public expenditure, and, the role of the
state in social issues. It critiques the government’s policy priorities. It
actually argues for policy reforms on education, particularly in higher
education." He went on to add: "It appears that the government has
two parallel tracks to deal with the FUTA strike. One stresses a hardline
approach with no concessions to, or compromise with, the striking academics.
The conspiracy story seems to emanate from the faction which advances this
hardline track. The other is for a negotiated settlement though compromise.
When the negotiation track has begun to show some positive directions, the
other line seems to be determined to undermine the possibilities of a
compromise. That is why they appear to be trying to re-define the FUTA action
as a national security issue."
Public
expenditure on education
The FUTA trade
union action has had a radical shift from the original pay rise issue to the
future of higher education in our country. They have demanded greater
allocation of resources towards education. Education now accounts for only 2.5%
of government expenditure. The expenditure on defence is 400% more than on
education. The government repeatedly assures the people and international
community that they have successfully eliminated terrorism and there is peace
in the North and East and the rest of the country. The priority then is now to
spend more on education, health and social services. Is there not something
sinister in defence spending continuing to take precedence over education and
welfare services?
Creeping
Militarisation
One of the
grievances of the university teachers is the creeping militarisation in the
universities. Last year, all new entrants were subject to what was
euphemistically called leadership training in camps. There was no consultation
with any of the university academic bodies and the UGC meekly acceded to
political directives. Some kind of training and orientation may be good for new
entrants but this and the curriculum for it should be worked out in
consultation with the academics. In the end, the curriculum was based on
promoting the ideology of the ruling class within the government. What also was
the need to have this "leadership training" in army camps and not in
the universities.
Another aspect
of the militarisation and the loss of academic independence was the UGC
directive to the Universities, in clear violation of the Universities Act, to
employ a security agency linked to the Ministry of Defence. This came at a huge
price too. Earlier, each University called for tenders and evaluating all the
bids chose the security agency that was most appropriate. The UGC’s illegal
directive meant that the statutory bodies of the Universities did not have the
freedom to evaluate the quality of security service nor any choice about the
enormous difference in costs for employing the Defence Ministry related
security agency, Rakna Lanka. The natural suspicion is that this agency is
engaged not only in providing security services but also in spying on
activities within the universities.
Political
Directives
The quality of
our educational services, both higher education as well as the schools, used to
be the pride of Asia. We maintained that quality by establishing the healthy
tradition of autonomy and academic freedom, and avoiding political interference
in university affairs. But over the last couple of years, there has been a
marked decline in the quality of our education services. This has been
accentuated in recent times. The deterioration of standards is directly
attributable to the Minister of Higher Education, the Chairman of the
University Grants Commission and some of the Vice Chancellors flouting the
traditions of academic autonomy and making political decisions and political
appointments to the universities. All of them, in their arrogance and pride,
are fond of attributing political motives for FUTA’s trade union action. The
Chairman of the UGC, when confronted, denies any politics in his decisions and
denies having issued any directives in violation of the Universities Act. The
circular directing the Universities to hire Rakna Lanka for security services
was one such. More recently, he has reportedly issued another circular that the
UGC representatives on the Selection Boards would have a right of veto when
selecting persons for academic appointments, etc. The Vice Chancellor of the
Colombo University has reportedly, addressing a workshop this week, accused the
FUTA leadership of having a political agenda. Academics, she is reported to
have stated, must not be involved in politics. She probably does not remember
(like politicians who conveniently do not remember after they have committed
crimes) that she along with the Chairman of the UGC and some other Vice
Chancellors appeared at a Press conference and urged support for a particular
political party/candidate at the last election.
Universities
should be liberal seats of learning where study, research and teaching, diverse
opinions, dissent and legitimate challenges to authority should be encouraged
and safeguarded. People with authority in the university system must respect
the Universities Act and remember that their primary loyalty is to the
university community, teachers, students and non-academic staff, and not to the
political establishment. They must have the humility to dialogue with the
university community and resolve issues through consultation and negotiation.
Arrogance and Pride surely goes before a fall. When that fall comes, all the
King’s horses and and all the King’s men will not be able to put them together
again.